Letter from Label confirming copyright clearance.

HI Yasmeen,

We can hereby offer you permission to use the below 4 tracks in your coursework.

Best,

Adam Klein

Fascination Records Label Coordinator

Email: adam.klein@umusic.com

Phone: +44 (0)20 7471 5365

Fax: +44 (0)20 7471 5349

 364-366 Kensington High Street    London    W14 8NS





- Although i have copyright clearance for these songs i'm not sure if we will be using these songs.

Copyright clearance letter

From: Yasmeen Ismail 
To: info@fascinationrecords.com
Subject: Copyright permission - Media Coursework.

Dear Fascination Records

I request copyright permission to use part or whole of:

• Missing you and Forever is Over by The Saturdays.
• Call the Shots and Life got Cold by Girls Aloud.

I am a student of A level Media studies and for my Advanced Portfolio I will be working in a group to produce a promotional package for the release of a new album track. I would like to request permission to use the above tracks for this project.

The finished project will not be made available publicly and will be used solely for coursework purposes. The holder of the original copyright will be fully acknowledged in the finished project.

If you do not hold the rights for this song I should be grateful if you could forward this request to the appropriate person, or return it to me with the contact details in order that I might approach the copyright holder directly.

Yours Faithfully,

Yasmeen Ismail

Who is Vladimir Propp?

Vladimir Propp devised a theory that is widely used and known to common in most media levels.  He analyzed the most basic plot components to identify the narrative elements used. The character types could be applied to any story ranging from literature, games, theatre, film and television.
Using the typical characters that are found in most tales, he suggested that the main characters in a story are:

1. The Hero
2. The Villain
3. The Doner/Helper
4. The Dispatcher
5. The False Hero
6. The Princess (Or prize)
7. Her Father

He argued that all fairy tales were constructed in certain plot functions which are consistent in most tales. The sequence are generally have a uniform sequence, such as

• Introduction or Preparation of sequence
• Complication
• Transference e.g. Helper joins the party
• Struggle (between Hero and Villain)
• Defeat
• Return and Recognition

 These are the basic spheres of the main plot components. However, in each has a passage route used e.g. A member of family leaves home. All these functions are the basic building blocks in order to create a well-written tale.

(Vladimir Propp theory link)

Who was Vladamir Propp?

Vladamir Propp was a Russian novelist who wrote the book Morphology of the Folktale in 1928.

Propp broke down and analysed around 100 Russian fairytales and was able to arrive at a conclusion that there were 31 narrative structures.

These are:
 

He also suggested that there are seven common characters:

The Villian, The Donor, The magical helper, The princess or prize, Her Father, The Dispatcher, The Hero, False Hero.

A music video i feel presents his theory is Brick By Boring Brick - Paramore.

 This video includes, ABSENTATION and DEPATURE as the hero (the little girl) leaves her home, the INTERDICTION is presented when the man dressed as the animal, calls the hero over.  TRICKERY is also presented as the audience of the video find out that the singer is the real villian. COMPLICITY also links in with the trickery as the victim is taken in by deception. The Hero is also PURSUED but is however not rescued, i believe this is because the video and song do apply some of Goodwin's theory however the video lacks the 'happy ending' where things are resolved in order to go against the stereotypical ideas which link in with fairytales.

 

Reflection of Lip Sync Exercise/Tutorial.

Filming was quite a longer process than we all originally thought it would be. As the whole group decided that the main lead singer for the actual final music video (Charlotte) should equally be assigned to the role of a singer for this exercise mainly because we want her to get used to the role and requirements it takes, and to boost up her confidence.
Additionally, it would make the rest of us film directors (Me, Yasmeen and Zeyneb) get used to the fundamental skills such as:

• Steady hands when using handheld camera
• Focusing shots
• Different types of shots and angles to use whilst filming
• Using the settings in the video camera
• Deciding what is a good shot or not (e.g. rule of three, no space above head)

Because we had a short amount of time to memorise the lyrics, Charlotte found it additionally difficult to sing in time with the song so we had a lot of bad footage in the beginning. Also, as it was our first time filming this process sequence, some of our directing did not follow essential skills for a standard professional music video.

Whilst editing, we only had one base track that went the whole way. However, we had many other footage of different actions and camera shots so we combined this in the Lip Sync exercise music video.
Lip syncing Charlotte and the actual singer in the music track was challenging, as we had to get used to finding the correct timing so there is no delay or lag which would look like a very amateur project. Putting in-points in time with the beat was quite hard but once we done it, using the blade tool was relatively easy to cut out other visual base tracks to have a decent transition and range of different shots in the Lip Sync exercise music video.

However, despite all the flaws we faced, we have gained valuable insight to develop our ideas and skills to improve our media knowledge and skills to hopefully create a good final music video.

Lip Sync

 LIP SYNC

I found lip syncing hard as i didn't know the song, but it helped me as i know i will need to learn the song and be able to perform it in our final video. Overall i found that practicing will benefit me when it comes to filming.

Examples Of Andrew Goodwin's, Illustration, Amplification, & Disjuncture

Videos that show examples of Illustration, Amplification and Disjuncture

 Disjuncture:

In the music video lady gaga telephone featuring beyonce.

The music video would make the audience think it is about a telephone or some sort of way on communication however this video is a clear view of the type of relations between song and video which is disjuncture there is hardly any connection between the lyrics

 Hello, hello, baby

You called, I can't hear a thing

I have got no service

In the club, you see, see

Wha-Wha-What did you say?

Oh, you're breaking up on me

Sorry, I cannot hear you

I'm kinda busy

You would think she’s in a club however in the music video she in a prison cafeteria place.

Analysis of Narrative, Genre, Media Language and Representation

Analysis of one music video

The music video  Warwick avenue  by Duffy is about her on a taxi ( black cab) she walking away from the person she was in a relationship, the genre is seen to me as soulful pop rock however in this songs she more soul. In this music video she seen to represent her character as strong independent does not rely on a man no more she taking control of her life.

Summary Of Andrew Goodwin's Main Points

Summary of Andrew Goodwin’s main points

   Music videos are built around song and often songs do not show the traditional structure.

   In most pop video, they use the person singer to be in the music video and as the narrator.

   The singer looks directly to the camera usually to bring the viewer at home into the performance.

Music videos such as pop video rely on repetition they tend to repeat images as the way they repeat the chores, there are ,many ways of distributing the song for example: the video showed on the TV, the song showed in the radio and TV tie in making the song familiar through repetition.

   Pop songs (music video) have the 3-minute rule.

   They have a form of closure and ending.

   Music videos tend to build up a climax or they use repetition before fading away.

Some music video are autonomous from they spring from the visulation from the song can go beyond the original meaning

There are three types of relations between songs and videos.

    Illustration (  this is where the video tells the story of the lyric for  e.g.: papa don’t preach by Madonna. Dance is often used to express the feelings moods in the song.)

   Application (occurs when the video introduce new meaning that do not contradict with the lyrics but add layers of meaning.)

   Disjunction (this is where there is little connection between the lyric and video or the where the video contradicts the lyric .Michael Jackson man in the mirror is an example of this.)

Pop videos often have easily features for example women are presented as objects of male desire.

Also different instruments in the music are represented by different objects. An example given is rock the casbah by the clash where every time the piano plays an armadillo is shown trudging along. Lastly, videos that are written by incorporate images from the movie in the video example Celine Dion my heart will go on from titanic.

Copyright Clearence

364 - 366 Kensington High Street
London

England

United Kingdom  
W14 8NS

Dear sir/madam

I am writing to request Copyright permission to use; ‘Higher’ and ‘Ego’ by The Saturdays.

I am a student of A level Media Studies and for my Advanced Portfolio I will be working in a group to produce a promotional package for the release of a new album track. I would like to request permission to use the above track for this project.

The finished project will not be made available publicly and will be used solely for coursework purposes. The holder of the original copyright will be fully acknowledge in the finished project.

If you do not hold the rights for this song, I should be grateful id you could forward this request to the appropriate person, or return it to me with the contact details in order that I might approach the copyright holder directly.

Yours Faithfully

Zeyneb Berouijel

Copyright Clearence

Universal Music International Ltd

8 St. James's Square

London

SW1Y 4JU

Dear Sir/Madam

I am writing to you requesting permission to use part or whole of; ‘Use somebody’, ‘Turn it up’ and ‘Gravity’ by Pixie Lott.

I am a student of A-Level Media studies and for my Advanced Portfolio I will be working in a group to produce a promotional package for the release of a new album track. I would like to request permission to use the above track for this project.

The finished project will not be made available publicly and will be used solely for coursework purposes. The holder of the original copyright will be fully acknowledged in the finished project.

If you do not hold the rights for this song I should be grateful if you could forward this request to the appropriate person, or return it to me with the contact details in order that I might approach the copyright holder directly.

Yours Faithfully

Charlotte Moore

Goodwin Theory - Illustration,Amplification and Disjuncture.

The Goodwin Theory implies that there are three types of relations between songs and their videos, they are:

• Illustration - where the video tells the story of the lyrics, dance is also often used to express feelings/moods.

• Amplification - this occurs when the videos introduce new meanings that do not contradict with the lyrics but add layers of meaning.

• Disjuncture - when there is little connection between the lyric and the video or when the video contradicts the lyrics.

An example of illustration is You Belong with me - Taylor Swift:

 This clearly an example of illustration as the lyrics are told through the video. The mood of the song is also conveyed in the video, as the mood changes the tone of the video also changes with it which shows that this is an example of illustration.

An example of amplification is Smile Like You Mean It - The Killers



This is an example of amplification as the video allows us to understand the lyrics more effectively. The theme of the video is nostalgia, this explains why the band roam around in past memories in the form of ghosts, this links with the lyrics as the singer has gone back to his childhood and is addressing himself "Change your ways while your young, boy one day you'll be a man." At a glance the video seems to show random ghost like figures exploring a house, but when connected with the lyrics it is obvious that the singer is adressing himself and that the house represents his childhood.



An example of Disjuncture is To Lose my life - White Lies



This is an good example of Disjuncture as the video does not help us understand the lyrics, the video is extremely random and does not flow together, the different images of the wolves and the women as well as the man towards the end make the video confusing. The lyrics of the song are about love and the fear of dying without their loved one however the video does not interpret this at all the misc en scene is also not linked with the song, the singer at one point sits in a room full of dolls this shows that the meaning of the song is not being portrayed or amplified in the video.

The Goodwin Theory.

 
Andrew Goodwin was a Director of Music for 37 years, he wrote in his book "Dancing in the Distraction Factory" that traditional narrative analysis do not really apply to Pop videos because they approach narrative from a different angle to novels and films. The reasons for the different narrative structures are:


1.) Pop videos are built around songs which do not pose traditional narrative structures.
2.) The Pop video uses the singer as both the narrator and as a character.
3.) The singer often looks directly at the camera which is an extension of performance used to involve the audience with the performance.

 Goodwin also stated that Pop videos rely heavily on repetition and that often the video will repeat images in the ways songs will repeat choruses or lines. Also the repetition in songs of parts or rhythms of other songs which is known as intertextuality this means we become familiar with the genre and have certain expectations. Furthermore he goes on to say that the video may be played on TV while the song is played on the radio as well as having a TV tie in which would make the song very popular through repetition.

Andrew Goodwins Theory

Andrew Goodwin feels that we should rethink the structure of a music video as he feels that traditonal narratives don't apply to pop videos. They apporach narratives from a different prespective then novels & films. There are a number of reasons for this;

1.   Pop videos are built arround sound - don't pose traditional narrative structures

2.   In pop videos the singer is both narrator and character

3.   The singer oftens looks directly at the camers in order to extend there performance & involve the viewer

Pop videos seem to rely on repition, they often repeat image the same way the cong repeats chourses/lines. the repition in parts of songs and there rhythms helps to link the song with genres, and have certain expectations. Pop videos have to have some closure, as do the songs lyrics. The end of the video is often reflected in the structure of the music.

Some videos are autonomous from the music they spring from. The visualisations of the song go beyond the original meaning. The visual asspects can provide pleasure - which encourages repeated viewing (promotes music), they could promote other commodities - Films. So it can be said that there are three typre of relations between songs and Videos...

Relation Of Visuals

To Songs

                                   

    
 Illustrate

LOVE THE WAY YOU LIE BY EMINEM & RIHANA IS A GOOD EXAMPLE OF THIS. THE VIDEO SHOW THE STORY OF THE LYRICS

                                                                             Videos can tell

                                                        the story with uses of

                                                                imagery to help convey the

                                                         meaning of lyrics & show genre

Amplification

EMPIRE STATE OF MIND IS AN EXAMPLE OF AMPLIFICATION AS THE LYRICS 'NEW YORK' ARE AMPLIFIED BY THE IMAGERY OF NEW YORK IN THE BACKGROUND.

Similar to repetition.

New meaning and

effects of the lyrics are

constantly shown

through out the video

Disjuncture

ALEJANDRO IS A KEY EXAMPLE OF DISJUNCTURE AS THERE IS NO CONNECTION TO THE LYRICS FROM THE VIDEO

                                                                         The meaning of the

                                                                               song is ignored. There

                                                                                is little connect between

                                                                                 the lyrics and video.

Pop Videos often have an easily recogniseable features - Michael Jacksons twirl/yelp. Women are presented as objects of males desire, especially in Hip-Hop & Heavy Metal videos. some female artist deliberately present themselves for males to look at, but they look directly look back at the viewers, which can be seen as passive.  

Music videos also try to appeal to as wide audeicne as possible without alienating the core target audeince. In videos that features older bands, ie from the 60s & 70s often show them in the younger day, so there older audience can still identify with them. Lastly videos that are from song written for movies often inorporate images from that film, ie Celine Dion, My Heart Will Go On from Titanic. 

Lip Sync Exercise - Video

This is the outcome of our filming and editing to learn and practise lip syncing using Final Cut Pro. 

Lip Sync Exercise - Photos.

These are some of the on-shoot photos that we took whilst filming the Lip Sync Exercise Tutorial. It shows the types of angle shots we used to film the video, the props used and the process of filming and editing.

Reflection of Lip Sync tutorial.

 I thought the lip sync went well and gave us a lot of preparation for our real music video, the pictures on the left show some of the different shots we used. We used a wide range of shots for example, long shot, mid shot and close up which is important for when we make our real video. At first our singer found it hard to lip sync but after practising, it became much easier.  We only managed to record one base track which has taught to record many more in the future.


There were many other things to consider whilst shooting for example
keeping the camera still at all times, as unlike out thrillers most of the camera work is meant to be hand held, keeping the camera in focus was also extremely important.

Editing the video was also great preparation as we learnt how to make a video flow smoothly, we were also taught how to cut footage, and the basic knowledge needed to make our videos.

lip sync

we are finding it really hide to get the music in tack with charlottes lip scyn as she finds it hard to sing along and did not no the lyrics.

Analysis Of Video - Narrative, Representation, Genre & Media Language

JUST BE GOOD TO GREEN

Professor Green & Lily Allen

I have decided to analyse this pop/rap video, 'Just be good to green' by Professor Green Ft. Lily Allen.
The video is quite simple, they use the green screen in order to set their location. A variety of female dancers which relates to the representation of rap music. As it is common to see a male artists with female dancers in their videos. The iconography used to help the audience identify the genres is at the beginning Professor Green is introduced is a mid-close up shot of him sitting centre of the screen in an arm chair with girls dancing behind him, it then goes into different close up shots of the dancers bodies. This links to the genre of rap as women are used derogatory, to show male fantasies of being centre of attention and surrounded by women. Both artist Professor Green and Lily Allen are dressed casually he's just wearing jeans, a t-shirt and simple jacket, Lily Allen wears different dresses and an outfit where a jacket is covering the dress, the dresses match Lily's vintage style of clothing and her pop style of music.

In 'Just be good to green' Lily Allen & Professor Green are both narrators, they sing/rap through out the video. At times during the video the artist's sing to each other - as if the lyrics are being said to one another. Mostly the lyrics are not connect to the narrative as there is not a linear structure to this video, some of the lyrics are amplified as they are written in a tattoo style on one of the female dancers.

Editing in this video is used a lot, it helps to jump to the different artists and  the dancers, its also used to repeat actions in the video, - (at 1.17) we see all the dancers line up like domino's, also - (at 2.40) Lily Allen knocks down what at first looks like the dancers but the then drop like cardboard cut outs. All the visual & sound editing helps to add to the pop style of the song, as it amplifies the up beat tempo of the song.

Request for copyright clearance.

To prevent copyright and privacy issues arising, it was required to write a letter and email it to the company to request permission to use the chosen songs. The songs selected are the songs that I personally liked and might want to use for the music video. (I have incorporated the links to the songs below.)


Request to Universal Music

35 Balmore Close

London, Poplar

United Kingdom

E14 0NZ

26^th September 2010

Universal Music Operations Limited,

364-366 Kensington High Street,
London, W14 8NS

info@umusic.com 

Dear Universal Music,

I am requesting for the copyright permission to use as a whole for either of the following songs:

·              Stevie Hoang - I'll Be Fine

·              The Wanted - Heart Vacancy

I am a student of A Level Media Studies and for my Advanced Portfolio I will be working in a group to produce a promotional package for the release of a new album track.  I would like to request permission to use the above track for this project. 

The finished project will not be made available publicly and will be used solely for coursework purposes.  The holder of the original copyright will be fully acknowledged in the finished project. 

If you do not hold the rights for this song I should be grateful if you could forward this request to the appropriate person, or return it to me with the contact details in order that I might approach the copyright holder directly.

Yours faithfully,

Kim Nguyen

Kimzi3e@hotmail.co.uk

 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Request to Sony Music Entertainment

35 Balmore Close

London, Poplar

United Kingdom

E14 0NZ

26^th September 2010

Sony Music Entertainment UK Limited

9 Derry Street,

London W8 5HY

Dear Sony Music,

I am requesting for the copyright permission to use as a whole for the song:

·              The Script - For The First Time

I am a student of A Level Media Studies and for my Advanced Portfolio I will be working in a group to produce a promotional package for the release of a new album track.  I would like to request permission to use the above track for this project. 

The finished project will not be made available publicly and will be used solely for coursework purposes.  The holder of the original copyright will be fully acknowledged in the finished project. 

If you do not hold the rights for this song I should be grateful if you could forward this request to the appropriate person, or return it to me with the contact details in order that I might approach the copyright holder directly.

Yours faithfully,

Kim Nguyen

Kimzi3e@hotmail.co.uk

Analysis of amplification, disjuncture and illustration.

Example of Illustration: 2pm - Heartbeat




2pm is a Korean band which is widely known in the eastern part of the world and are slowly dominating the western culture, especially in America. I think it is equally as important to look at other music videos from other cultures and different countries, so that we can make a comparison to British artists and songs.
This music video demonstrates illustration, as if you read the lyrics, (in English) it is a song about being heart broken, and still loving a person even though they are not together anymore.
The dancing is eerie and at some moments they act like marionette puppets and emphasize the lyrics such as popping to indicate 'a heart is beating.' The narrative is linear and the sequence is smooth, and where it reaches towards the end, it succeeds in achieving equilibrium.




Example of Amplification: The Wanted - Heart Vacancy




The music video shows amplification as it does not necessarily follow the lyrics with the use of action but however, there is a narrating going on about a love story which amplifies the meaning of the song. It is linear as we follow the sequence of events taking place and towards the end, equilibrium is reached. The band members are not actually participating in the music video, but rather narrating the whole story.




Example of Disjunction: One Republic - Apologize



One Republic's song, Apologize clearly shows disjunction, as the lyrics of the song does not have any link towards the sequence of video. It has a variety of random actions that are eerie to demonstrate the meaning of the song instead. It is non linear as there is no clear structure, and the singer is a silhouette who appears randomly through the whole music video. Although the choice of shots are very powerful, it can also be illustrative as it arises emotion.

Summary of Andrew Goodwin's theory.

In an extract in 'Dancing in the Distraction Factory', Andrew Goodwin suggests that pop videos approach narrative from a different angle and do not follow traditional narrative structures- for example the normality-problem-resolution sequence. Pop music have features that we can easily recognise and likewise, videos have distinct features and characteristics that we can distinguish to see whether it is a pop video.

• Pop videos have easily recognisable features e.g. Use of dancing
• The singer often looks directly at the camera, which tries to involve the viewer with the performance
• Women are presented as attractive and sexy- they are presented as objects of male desire
• Pop videos are built around the song- and normally the singer is both the narrator and a character
• They rely on repetition of images
• It provides visual pleasure which would encourage repeated viewing
• Different instruments heard can be represented by different objects
• It could also be used to promote films and songs can be written for a particular movie which can combine images from the movie into the video e.g. Leona Lewis- I See You for Avatar

Pop songs and videos generally have a common closure/ending to the video. The way the music ends is similar to the song- and is reflected in the video. e.g. Constant repetition built to a climax before fading away. Because we are familiar with the genre and rhythms, it can carry certain expectations e.g. dance moves that are catchy.

However, some videos may be completely different to the normal pop narrative. Most videos concentrate on the main target audience but try and appeal to a wider audience as possible. This therefore leads to different types of narrative to appeal as much to the audience in any given genre. This includes:

1. Illustration - where the video tells a story from the lyrics. Dance can also be used to illustrate and express feelings and mood in the song.
2. Amplification - where videos add layers of meaning which can emphasis on the lyrics to express the meanings being portrayed.
3. Disjuncture - where there is little connection between the lyrics and the video, or the video contradicts the lyrics.

All music videos will fit into one or more of these categories to provide visualisation for the audience.

Analysis of narrative, genre, media language and representation.

In class, we studied various music videos focusing on the 4 key concepts: narrative, genre, media language and representation. We looked at the conventions of different music videos and discussed the type of audience it would appeal to and the effectiveness of it.
[ Coldplay - The Scientist ]

Narrative:
The narrative is linear and uninterrupted, although the sequence is played back to front, the whole sequence is smooth and continuous- having no disruptions. There is equilibrium as everything is balanced and composed- however at the end equilibrium is solved as we find out why everything is back to front. The artist himself the narrator as well as the participant- using the lyrics he is describing the story but he is also the actor. The narrative is illustrative- we see the event being played backwards and towards the end, we see the cause of the outcome. The lyrics "Take me back to the start" is played constantly therefore illustrating his thoughts and emotions.

Genre:
Coldplay is a indie/alternative rock band. Although in this video we do not see the full band members, we see the main band leader only who is telling the narrative and being the actor of the video. The location seems to be in a city in England as it has typical landmarks such as shops and buildings. The setting is realistic- It is set purely outdoors in dull cloudy weather- to signify the mundane reality and suit to the context. The iconography used is quite hard to distinguish in this video as it is hard to find symbolisation that represent the indie rock-band. However, band member/actor himself looks dishevelled and focuses only on himself- the surroundings are not glamorous which represents the rock type genre. He is wearing causal normal clothes- in the middle and end we see him wearing a black jacket which symbolises the 'rock look.' The lighting is quite dull however, we can classify that it is in the day time.

Media Language:
The editing used creates a balanced smooth pace- however, it's pace is quite slower than normal- the editing is manipulated to suit the context of the music therefore slowing things down slightly but not to an obvious extent. The sequence is continuous and there are not much cutaways or match-cuts used. There are mainly mid-shots of the actor/band member singing and we watch him going to his destination- the uses of shots are quite repetitive but the location keeps changing as the camera is tracking and following him. The whole video is played back to front- for example in the beginning he suddenly springs up from the mattress and starts walking backwards. However, and interesting point is the lip syncing still matches the lyrics being played. The overall mood of the video creates equilibrium- we feel the same emotions and the music is quite solemn and reflective. The editing is conventional to this genre because alternative rock strives to be different than being classed as purely the 'rock' genre- the video itself is quite unique and original.

Representation:
In this particular video, there is not much obvious representations of any particular group. e.g. no sexual representations. The band member/actor is the most dominant person who is on the screen, with not much people or action going on. As there is not much going on in the video except the viewer watching the actor walk past places. We are only interested in his actions as he goes back in time- we just observe the events taking place. The presentation of himself makes him seem indifferent, careless and unconcerned- which can symbolise typical male characteristics. In addition, where he puts on the black on again represents the tough manliness that is associated with men but also the solemness and seriousness of the situation. However, in contrast to the music, the representations tell a different story. Towards the end of the video we realise that he had been in a car accident with his girlfriend but only he survived- therefore he is going back in time to see where things went wrong. The lyrics are suggesting that men can also be emotional and caring too- therefore where he drops his 'tough manly' jacket, he is also dropping the connotations of what it is to be a man.

Analysis - Genre, Language, Narrative, Represntation

The XX - Islands



Genre:

I would say this video is of an alternative rock/indie pop genre, this is apparent as it is set in what looks like an expensive studio, however unlike artists in the pop genre the focus is more on the lyrics and the style of the video opposed to the appearence of the band, the dancers in the video actually draw attention away from the band. The dark clothing and the dark lighting show that the genre is alternative rock. The fact that everyone in the video is wearing similar clothing in the same colour suggests they have been styled, however their look is different and edgier than people of the pop genre. The darkness of the setting with the illuminating light through the x's gives a magical and mystical atmosphere to the video. Furthermore it is apparent that they are of an indie genre as they have their logo in the central background this indicates that they are not well known and are trying to get people familiar with them. It is strange however that the band are not playing their instruments, for artists of this genre instruments are almost always displayed in their music videos, you could say that the xx are therefore breaking away from the typical stereotype.

Language:

The editing in this video is repetitive which is typical of the genre, even the band seem to be tired of the dancing around them, it begins with a close up of the X and slowly and smoothly zooms out, the video this creates a monotonous tone but at the same time engages the audience and makes them interested. The audience also think they know exactly what to expect, however this is wrong as everyone minus two people begin to disappear as the music changes. Also at the end of the video the bright lights become flames and the set looks completely different from the start. The editing is uncommon as repetition is rarely used to that extent, the idea of the repetitive dance is quirky which is common in their genre.

Narrative:

I believe the narrative structure is a mix of linear and non linear as the video keeps going back to the start however as the video goes on it is evident that little things are constantly being changed in the video. There is a distruption just over half way in the video when the first dancer leaves, this sets off a chain reaction as after this the people in the video leave one by one until there are just two. There seems to be no equilibrium as nothing is solved, instead things just get worse and worse.The XX are observers and narrators opposed to being participants as they tell the story through the lyrics and observe the participants who are the dancers. Furthermore it is evident that the dancers are also narrators as they help the audience understand the meaning of the lyrics.

Representation:

In this video there seems to be no direct representation, as the video consists of dancers repeating themselves again and again. However age is used to represent that young love doesn't last as everybody in the video is young and the lyrics "I've been found so i'll never explore" contrasts completely with the video as the dancers one by one leave their partners. This may be used to represent young people as niave and gullible about love. Furthermore the fact that everyone is white means that ethnicity is not shown to be diverse this may have something to do with the genre as most people who listen to indie music are of this ethnic origin.